Выступление Ю.В.Громыко про инвестиции в Транс-Евразийский пояс развития на конференции в Риме — «La crisi di ieri. Le speranze di oggi» — «Кризис вчера, Надежды на сегодня», которая состоялась 11 ноября. http://www.geopolitica-rivista.org/24166/la-crisi-di-ieri-le-speranze-di-oggi-la-conferenza-alla-camera/
INVESTIRE NEL CORRIDOIO TRANSEUROASIATICO “RAZVITIE” ( di Jurij Gromyko)
Prima di focalizzarsi sul tema oggetto del suo intervento, il Presidente Gromyko riporta i saluti di Mikhail Baydakov, che non ha potuto presenziare l’evento. Ricordiamo che Baydakov è presidente di Millennium Bank e responsabile del gruppo di lavoro per lo sviluppo del Corridoio Transeuroasiatico Razvitie.
Proprio questo progetto merita grande attenzione perché è in procinto di diventare una nuova piattaforma per l’investimento e lo sviluppo economico dell’area, un nuovo polo generatore di benessere in territorio russo attraverso la collaborazione tra Russia, Europa, Cina e Giappone...
La questione principale è come creare questa nuova tipologia di asset e come inserirla tra le infrastrutture di nuova generazione, in termini di qualità e quantità delle risorse (energia, materiali, nuove tecnologie) in grado di favorire la nascita di nuovi nuclei abitativi.
Il corridoio Razvitie non deve essere visto come un semplice “ponte continentale”. La novità geoeconomica e geopolitica sta nel formare un nuovo polo generatore di interesse comune, attraverso la cooperazione internazionale e piani industriali strategici di ampio respiro. Non bisogna nemmeno trascurare la novità geoculturale del progetto, il dialogo tra civiltà e popoli.
Due obiettivi sono essenziali per la riuscita del progetto:
• Modernizzazione dell’attuale sistema industriale
• Nascita di un sistema internazionale di condivisione di nuove tecnologie
Che il progetto abbia una rilevanza economica molto importante è stato ribadito anche da Franco Bassanini, Presidente di “Cassa depositi e prestiti” di Banca Intesa San Paolo, in occasione di una conferenza italo-russa tenutasi a metà ottobre a Verona.
Il progetto deve essere sviluppato in modo che gli attori esterni si chiedano: perché non farlo anche noi? È profittevole da entrambi le parti. La cooperazione deve essere basata su una sinergia di interessi tra Italia, Russia ed Europa, alla luce di ricadute positive:
• Più lavoro per l’industria italiana da un lato, trasferimento di nuove tecnologie in Russia dall’altro
• Nuovi mercati di sbocco
• Produzione di beni reali non connessi con la speculazione finanziaria
• Apertura di nuove possibilità anche per le piccole e medie imprese
È molto importante che il progetto sia multi funzionale, che coinvolga più infrastrutture: il sistema ferroviario, energetico, delle telecomunicazioni (satelliti e cavi in fibre ottiche) così che possa fare da traino ad altri sistemi simili.
Un esempio su tutti: il bisogno di modernizzare l’area attraverso l’introduzione e l’utilizzo di turbine a gas che vadano a sostituire l’energia prodotta dal carbone. Alcuni dispositivi di queste turbine vengono prodotti in Italia. In Russia ci sono nuovi prototipi sperimentali non ancora tradotti in tecnologia. Per fare questo c’è bisogno dell’interazione tra i gruppi scientifici russi e le piccole e medie imprese italiane.
Il Corridoio Transeuroasiatico ha un potenziale di sviluppo ed espansione enorme, che non è connesso con la crescita demografica, ossia il semplice trasferimento di persone dai villaggi alle città, bensì con la creazione di un nuovo tipo di infrastruttura ad alto impiego di capitale, capace di riorganizzare lo spazio vivibile.
L’area attraverso cui si snoda la ferrovia Baikalo-Amurskaya potrebbe essere il luogo dove consolidare gli interessi di investitori italiani, russi e giapponesi, soprattutto alla luce della costruzione di un ponte che colleghi l’Isola di Sakhalin con la terraferma russa, che intensificherebbe gli scambi commerciali.
Due criteri devono essere rispettati affinché il Corridoio possa essere realizzato :
• Progetti di lungo periodo
• Progetti su larga scala che coinvolgano Europa, Russia, Asia
Il primo passo in questa direzione è la creazione di un sistema gestionale operativo, concreto, ed è quello che è avvenuto in Russia con la nascita di un gruppo di lavoro presieduto dal sopramenzionato Baydakov.
Investing in Razvitie (development)
First of all I would like to share with You greetings of Mr.Mikhail Baidakov who is chairmen of director council of Russian bank Millenium. Mr. Baidakov was also on the list of speakers for current event but unfortunately he couldn’t come. Four month ago on the basis of Russian Rail road corporation (“RZhD”) was organized working group for the further articulation of the megaproject Trans-Eurasian belt of Razvitie (development) (TEBR). Mr Baidakov was appointed as chief administrator of this group.
The project “Trans-Eurasian Belt Razvitie” is about forming a new type of platform for investment and economic development. The main aim of this project is to create a new wealth generating pole in the Russian territories (first of all, West Siberian, East Siberian and Far Eastern) together with Western Europe basing on friendly, neighboring and mutually profitable trade exchanges with China and Japan. In fact, we are talking about another emerging technological pole in the area of Eurasia, besides China. The crucial issue is how to create this industrial science-intensive asset of the new type and its placement within the infrastructures of the next generation. Those infrastructures become a crucial factor of the production defining transportation (in its broad sense) of the needed quantity of the qualitative resources (energy, information, materials, technology) and also an important factor in the process of the new settlement’s and city’s formation.
The Trans-Eurasian Belt “Razvitie” implies principally new geo-economics, geopolitics and geo-cultural concepts. It differs from a concept “land bridge” and “development corridor” that are simply integrated within the new emerging concept. Geo-economics novelty consists in the forming of the new pole of common wealth generation, evident on the background of existing world economics. The geopolitical aspect presupposes the creation of the new form of international cooperation within strategic planning and neo-industrial settlements of a wide area. At last, geo-culture aspect clues in the display of the Eurasian ideology, based on the dialogue of civilizations.
In this case the two following aims are so important: modernization of the existing industries in the country using new industrial technologies and the creation of joint international technological systems that would be brand new for every country-participant – which will be oriented towards the new emerging markets. There is a proposal to mark the areas within the “Razvitie” belt where the new industrial systems will be situated. According to economical strategy of Russian government these areas are connected with Baikalo-Amurskaya highway and east part of Trans-Siberian highway and are situated in East Siberia and Far East.
After Verona Russian-Italian conference in the middle of October that was organized by bank “Intesa San Paulo” where Franco Bassanini ( president of “Casa Depositi and Prestiti” ) in his telecommunicative presentation says that Trans-Eurasian belt of Razvitie (development) (TEBR) is actually very important case to study investment possibilities and to elaborate new investment instruments for transcontinental projects, it’s very important to articulate subjects and fields that can be really interesting and attractive for Italian ( European ) and Russian counterparts, financial and engineering groups.
This kind of attraction must be of such type that the person from outside would exclaim : why we are not doing this yet? It’s really mutually profitable deal that could reveal for both sides new possibilities.
From our standpoint such very attractive subjects of investment must be based on synergy of Russian and Italian ( European) interests and have the following features:
• They must mobilize Italian industry and increase employment of Italian manufacturing groups and simultaneously provide transfer of new technologies in Russia with localization of new advanced manufacturing systems.
• They must be connected with new bottomless demand and new markets that don’t exist just now.
• They must provide increase of industrial goods and not be connected with financial speculation.
• They must open new possibilities for middle-sized and small enterprises in the frame of implementation of rather large projects.
All these four statements could be realized through elaboration of articulated fragments of TEBR as for example in the context of construction of Baikalo-Amurskaya mainline together with building new technological settlements along the main track and capillary diverging branch lines of this highway.
First of all it is tremendously important that TEBR is multi-infrastructure: flexible integration of railroad systems , electricity grids and multiagent power technologies and telecommunication systems — with satellites and fiber optic cable systems. And we must consider these new infrastructure solutions as pilot projects for innovative modernization of all other infrastructure system with huge demand for these new technologies. So if it would be at first produced break-through new technological solutions in the frame of also large but only pilot projects- really new for this type of infrastructure systems then it will be organized mass production lines for manufacturing such technological products to modernize all infrastructure systems in Russia and in Central Asia.
Only one example: first priority of energy infrastructure modernization are connected with transition from steam generating units that consuming coal today to gas turbine power station. Many new gas turbine equipments are produced by Italian firms. Need for such gas turbine of new generation is huge. Some our engineering scientific groups also have some new experimental prototypes but this experimental prototypes are not technology yet. To transform prototype of new technological decision into new technology we need the interaction between our scientific engineering groups with Italian middle-sized and small technological enterprises.
These new industrial systems producing different technological elements and technologies as products for really new infrastructure – the infrastructure 3.0 – must be localized and so new settlements -techno-cultural cities or razvitie-cities are the places where these new industrial enterprises , engineering scientific centers will be launched and function to provide the European high level social standards. So TEBR is simultaneously a clime ( space organization) of new city networks that must be designed and built to create social capital belt.
Trans-Eurasian corridor of development in certain way is a zone of future living space with gigantic potential for expansion. This potential for expansion is connected not with the natural growth of population, which is moving from villages to the big cities and then tend to grow its consumption ( Asiatic model). On the contrary, the development correlates with the creation of new generation capital-intensive infrastructures that reorganize the space for small groups of professionals, who would live next to the infrastructure nodes and ensure its work, moving along the large territories. From this point of view- necessity to elaborate new model of life space specially for vast Far East territories- usual economic models that container trucks are more profitable for freight traffic “from the door to the door” and airplane for passenger traffic are not to stand up to scrutiny. Because in this case the purpose of infrastructure is not reduced simply to quick and cheapest transportation goods and people from one location to other location but consists in increasing productive potential of this new zone through connectivity with existing technological and industrial centers.
New cities along the line of Baikalo-Amurskaya railroad highway that must be simultaneously productive systems , consuming systems and socio-cultural systems are supposed to be considered according geo-economical, geo-political and geo-cultural aspects. It means in particular that Baikalo_Amursakaya area could be the place to consolidate efforts and interests between Russian, Italian and Japanese investors. Because in the case of construction of Sakhalin Tunnel (or Sakhalin bridge) which after completion would connect the island of Sakhalin with mainland Russia via a tunnel/bridge immediate flow of Japanese high-tech goods will stream in this area. It will be immediate transition from wholesale trade to short run exchange that hugely intensify transportation logistics.
Network international Razvitie university: preparing managerial and entrepreneurial teams for the new projects
Spatial development and the overall process of introduction of the new socio cultural formation can be realized on the basis of new institution, namely new international network Razvitie university.
In order to form new political, managerial and anthropological paradigm it is necessary to elaborate not only the new tools for intellectual work but also to prepare the international teams of executives for intensive project-flow. These managerial multidisciplinary teams should be capable of finding the weak points in the existing methods of realizing the infrastructure projects and creating new operational management systems including new investment instruments. The required operational system should be consistent with two major criteria: 1) time scale (realization of long-term projects, not short-termism); 2) vast territorial organization (large-scale infrastructure projects that should be realized on the territories embracing Europe, Asia and Russia). The first step in creating a pilot version of a new operational management system was made in Russia by mentioned RZD workgroup leading by Mr. Baydakov.
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